Induced pluripotent stem cells – or iPS cells – are reprogrammed somatic cells with stem cell-like properties. Although iPS cells are generated artificially and do not occur in nature, they are highly suitable for scientific research. iPS cells can be converted in the laboratory into almost any desired cell type of the (human) body – including all types of brain cells. With iPS cells, researchers can for example mimic and study specific MS-related processes in culture. Moreover, researchers can develop iPS cell-derived brain models in the lab which can then be used to test and study the effects of candidate therapeutic drugs. With these studies, we expect to gain a better understanding of the causes and treatment(s) of the different courses of MS.